At a glance: IBS causes recurring abdominal pain and altered bowel habit without visible bowel inflammation. Concerning features should be investigated.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder involving abdominal pain or discomfort together with a change in bowel habit. It does not cause visible inflammation or damage to the bowel, but symptoms can still significantly affect quality of life.
Common symptoms
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Bloating
- Diarrhoea, constipation or both
- A feeling of incomplete emptying
- Symptoms that vary over time
Diagnosis and treatment
IBS is diagnosed from the symptom pattern and by checking for features that suggest another condition. Treatment may include dietary changes, fibre adjustment, medication and management of triggers. The best approach depends on whether diarrhoea, constipation, pain or bloating is the main problem.
When further investigation is needed
Medical review is particularly important when symptoms begin later in life or are accompanied by bleeding, anaemia, weight loss, fever, persistent night-time symptoms or a family history of bowel cancer or inflammatory bowel disease.
For assessment, ask your GP to refer you or use our online referral page.
Frequently asked questions
Can IBS damage the bowel?
IBS does not cause bowel damage or increase bowel cancer risk, but new warning symptoms still need assessment.
Can diet help?
Yes. Regular meals, fibre adjustment and selected dietary strategies can help. Restrictive diets are best undertaken with professional guidance.
What symptoms are not typical of uncomplicated IBS?
Rectal bleeding, anaemia, unexplained weight loss, fever, persistent night symptoms or a strong family history require further review.
When to seek urgent medical help
Seek urgent medical care for heavy bleeding, vomiting blood, black tar-like bowel motions, fainting, severe or rapidly worsening abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, or significant weakness.
Arrange an assessment
Discuss persistent or concerning symptoms with your GP. Your GP can refer you, or you can use our online referral and booking page.