At a glance: Reflux is common and often responds to lifestyle measures and medication. Difficulty swallowing, bleeding, anaemia or weight loss needs medical review.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux occurs when stomach contents flow back into the oesophagus. Occasional reflux is common, but frequent or troublesome symptoms may be described as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, or GORD.
Common symptoms
- Heartburn or burning behind the breastbone
- Acid or food coming back into the mouth
- Upper abdominal or chest discomfort
- Persistent cough, throat irritation or hoarseness
- Difficulty or pain when swallowing
Assessment and treatment
Treatment may include lifestyle measures and acid-suppressing medication. Gastroscopy may be recommended when symptoms are persistent, treatment is not working, swallowing is difficult, or there are other concerning features.
When to seek prompt advice
Seek medical review for progressive difficulty swallowing, vomiting blood, black bowel motions, unexplained weight loss, persistent vomiting or iron-deficiency anaemia.
Book or refer
For specialist assessment or gastroscopy, visit our referral and booking page.
Frequently asked questions
When is gastroscopy recommended for reflux?
It may be recommended for persistent symptoms, difficulty swallowing, bleeding, anaemia, weight loss, vomiting or symptoms that do not respond as expected.
Do acid-suppressing medicines need to be taken forever?
Not always. The dose and duration depend on the cause, response and whether complications such as severe oesophagitis or Barrett’s oesophagus are present.
Can reflux cause chest pain?
Yes, but new or severe chest pain must not automatically be assumed to be reflux. Seek urgent medical assessment when appropriate.
When to seek urgent medical help
Seek urgent medical care for heavy bleeding, vomiting blood, black tar-like bowel motions, fainting, severe or rapidly worsening abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, or significant weakness.
Arrange an assessment
Discuss persistent or concerning symptoms with your GP. Your GP can refer you, or you can use our online referral and booking page.